sh

A shell parser, formatter, and interpreter. Supports POSIX Shell, Bash, and mksh. Requires Go 1.22 or later.

Quick start

To parse shell scripts, inspect them, and print them out, see the syntax examples.

For high-level operations like performing shell expansions on strings, see the shell examples.

shfmt

go install mvdan.cc/sh/v3/cmd/shfmt@latest

shfmt formats shell programs. See canonical.sh for a quick look at its default style. For example:

shfmt -l -w script.sh

For more information, see its manpage, which can be viewed directly as Markdown or rendered with scdoc.

Packages are available on Alpine, Arch, Debian, Docker, Fedora, FreeBSD, Homebrew, MacPorts, NixOS, OpenSUSE, Scoop, Snapcraft, Void and webi.

gosh

go install mvdan.cc/sh/v3/cmd/gosh@latest

Proof of concept shell that uses interp. Note that it's not meant to replace a POSIX shell at the moment, and its options are intentionally minimalistic.

Fuzzing

We use Go's native fuzzing support. For instance:

cd syntax
go test -run=- -fuzz=ParsePrint

Caveats

• When indexing Bash associative arrays, always use quotes. The static parser will otherwise have to assume that the index is an arithmetic expression.

$ echo '${array[spaced string]}' | shfmt
1:16: not a valid arithmetic operator: string
$ echo '${array[dash-string]}' | shfmt
${array[dash - string]}

• $(( and (( ambiguity is not supported. Backtracking would complicate the parser and make streaming support via io.Reader impossible. The POSIX spec recommends to space the operands if $( ( is meant.

$ echo '$((foo); (bar))' | shfmt
1:1: reached ) without matching $(( with ))

• export, let, and declare are parsed as keywords. This allows statically building their syntax tree, as opposed to keeping the arguments as a slice of words. It is also required to support declare foo=(bar). Note that this means expansions like declare {a,b}=c are not supported.

JavaScript

A subset of the Go packages are available as an npm package called mvdan-sh. See the _js directory for more information.

Docker

All release tags are published via Docker, such as v3.5.1. The latest stable release is currently published as v3, and the latest development version as latest. The images only include shfmt; -alpine variants exist on Alpine Linux.

To build a Docker image, run:

docker build -t my:tag -f cmd/shfmt/Dockerfile .

To use a Docker image, run:

docker run --rm -u "$(id -u):$(id -g)" -v "$PWD:/mnt" -w /mnt my:tag <shfmt arguments>

Related projects

The following editor integrations wrap shfmt:

• BashSupport-Pro - Bash plugin for JetBrains IDEs
• intellij-shellcript - Intellij Jetbrains shell script plugin
• micro - Editor with a built-in plugin
• shell-format - VS Code plugin
• vscode-shfmt - VS Code plugin
• shfmt.el - Emacs package
• Sublime-Pretty-Shell - Sublime Text 3 plugin
• Trunk - Universal linter, available as a CLI, VS Code plugin, and GitHub action
• vim-shfmt - Vim plugin

Other noteworthy integrations include:

• modd - A developer tool that responds to filesystem changes
• prettier-plugin-sh - Prettier plugin using mvdan-sh
• sh-checker - A GitHub Action that performs static analysis for shell scripts
• mdformat-shfmt - mdformat plugin to format shell scripts embedded in Markdown with shfmt
• pre-commit-shfmt - pre-commit shfmt hook